Use of N stable isotope and microbial analyses to define wastewater influence in Mobile Bay, AL (2007)

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

Dauphin Island Sea Lab's Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab

Publication_Date:

2008

Title:

Use of N stable isotope and microbial analyses to define wastewater influence in Mobile Bay, AL (2007)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

spreadsheet

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Issue_Identification:

56 (2008)

Description:

Abstract:

We assessed short-term ecological and potential human health effects of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) effluent by measuring δ15N‰ and microbial concentrations in oysters and suspended particulate matter (SPM). We also tested male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) as an alternative to fecal coliforms, to assess potential influence of wastewater contamination on shellfish. WTP effluent did not affect oyster growth or survival, but SPM and oysters acquired wastewater-specific δ15N‰. δ15N values were depleted near the WTP, typical of low-level processed wastewater. Fecal coliform and MSB concentrations were higher in samples taken closest to the WTP, and MSB values were significantly correlated with δ15N‰ in oyster tissues. Overall, oysters demonstrated relatively rapid integration and accumulation of wastewater-specific δ15N‰ and indicator microorganisms compared to water samples. These data suggest oysters were superior sentinels compared to water, and MSB was a more reliable indicator of wastewater influence on shellfish than fecal coliforms.

Purpose:

In this study, we assessed potential short-term ecological and human health effects of WTP effluent in Mobile Bay, Alabama, relative to distance from a major WTP. We defined ecological effects by measuring growth and survival of transplanted sentinel commercially important bivalves (Crassostrea virginca) and comparing these data to dissolved inorganic N and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations, along with changes in DO, temperature, and salinity in water samples at each site. We defined the spatial extent of wastewater influence across study sites by measuring N stable isotope ratios in oysters and SPM at each site. This approach, in turn, allowed us to link biological changes in oysters and estuarine attributes to wastewater-derived N. We then compared concentrations of fecal coliforms and MSB to N stable isotope ratios to determine whether these indicators were correlated with wastewater exposure.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date:

20070608

Ending_Date:

20070716

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition

Status:

Progress:

Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency:

As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate:

-88.03313

East_Bounding_Coordinate:

-88.01865

North_Bounding_Coordinate:

30.65788

South_Bounding_Coordinate:

30.61250

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

None

Theme_Keyword:

fecal coliforms

Theme_Keyword:

male-specific bacteriophage

Theme_Keyword:

MSB

Theme_Keyword:

eastern oysters

Theme_Keyword:

virus

Theme_Keyword:

bacteria

Theme_Keyword:

growth

Theme_Keyword:

Nitrogen

Theme_Keyword:

N stable isotope

Theme_Keyword:

wastewater

Theme_Keyword:

shellfish

Theme_Keyword:

wastewater treatment plants

Theme_Keyword:

WTP

Theme_Keyword:

effluent

Theme_Keyword:

contamination

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

ISO Topic

Theme_Keyword:

biota

Theme_Keyword:

002

Theme_Keyword:

environment

Theme_Keyword:

007

Theme_Keyword:

inlandWaters

Theme_Keyword:

012

Theme_Keyword:

utilitiesCommunication

Theme_Keyword:

019

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:

None

Place_Keyword:

Mobile

Place_Keyword:

Alabama

Place_Keyword:

Mobile Bay

Place_Keyword:

McDuffie Island

Place_Keyword:

Dauphin Island Sea Lab

Access_Constraints:

Permission to access these data must be given by Dr. Ruth Carmichael of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab's Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab.

Use_Constraints:

Acknowledgment of the DISL: Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab, the National Science Foundation REU program and the U.S.A. Oyster Restoration Program would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected by users of these data. Users should be aware that comparison with other data sets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection, and computer processes over time. The distributor shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data, based on the description of appropriate/inappropriate uses described in the metadata document. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person:

Dr. Ruth Carmichael

Contact_Organization:

DISL: Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:

mailing and physical

Address:

101 Bienville Blvd.

City:

Mobile

State_or_Province:

Al

Postal_Code:

36528

Country:

USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

251-861-2141 ext. 7555 or 7547

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:

rcarmichael@disl.org

Hours_of_Service:

8-5:00 CST

Contact_Instructions:

Please email Dr. Ruth Carmichael for further information.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Excel

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

Joshua H. Daskin, Kevin R. Calci, William Burkhardt III, Ruth H. Carmichael

Publication_Date:

2008

Title:

Use of N stable isotope and microbial analyses to define wastewater influence in Mobile Bay, AL

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:

spreadsheet

Series_Information:

Series_Name:

Marine Pollution Bulletin

Issue_Identification:

56

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report:

not applicable

Completeness_Report:

This project cover a 6-week span from 20070608-20070718 with no lapses in data collection.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Field Transplants: We transplanted hatchery-reared oysters (50–70 mm) at four sites distally located 0.07, 0.50, 2.18 and 5.68 km south of the Clifton C. Williams WTP outfall in Mobile Bay in Alabama. Sampling locations were chosen to best capture variation in dilution due to hydrology and level of WTP processing during the 6-week study period from early June to mid-July 2007. We used hatchery-reared oysters to ensure bivalves at each site originated from a common seed stock. Oysters(N = 18) were placed in modified aquaculture cages (2.5 cm plastic-coated wire mesh), measuring 33 cm wide " 33 cm long " 10 cm high. Two pairs of cages were deployed at each site on fixed moorings. Oyster growth and survival: To capture temporal variation in oyster growth and survival, we removed oysters (N = 4 on days 10, 24; N = 10 on day 38) from each cage every 2 weeks (three times) during the study and noted any mortality. To determine oyster growth, we measured shell length by marking the outer shell edge of each oyster with waterproof ink before transplanting. We then recorded the longest length of each oyster at each site to the nearest 0.1 mm to the ink mark and to the new outer edge of the shell. Growth was calculated as the difference between final and initial lengths. Water column attributes: Water samples were collected on each sampling date (every 2 weeks) using a horizontal water sampler at locations immediately adjacent to transplant cages (1 m from the water surface). Stable isotope analyses: To capture temporal variation in N stable isotope ratios in oyster tissues, we analyzed tissues of transplanted oysters on each sampling date and an additional 10 oysters from hatchery-reared control stock. To determine stable isotope ratios in SPM available as food to shellfish, we collected and filtered 1 L of water from locations adjacent to each transplant cage. To establish a N stable isotope endpoint for wastewater effluent, we directly collected 1 L of effluent from the WTP at a holding tank just prior to release. Microbial analyses: To determine fecal coliform and MSB concentrations in oysters and water, samples collected on day 38 were immediately stored on ice and analyzed by the US FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory on Dauphin Island.

Process_Date:

20070716

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person:

Dr. Ruth Carmichael

Contact_Organization:

DISL: Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab

Contact_Position:

Principal Investigator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:

mailing and physical

Address:

101 Bienville Blvd.

City:

Dauphin Island

State_or_Province:

Al

Postal_Code:

36528

Country:

USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

251-861-2141 ext. 7555 or 7547

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:

rcarmichael@disl.org

Hours_of_Service:

8-5:00 CST

Contact_Instructions:

Please email Dr. Ruth Carmichael for further information.

Cloud_Cover:

Unknown

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Excel tables cataloging data in the following categories: chl a; coliform, MSB isotope correlations; water parameters; oyster data; FDA data; growth data; growth points vs. chl a by date; isotope data; nutrient data; SI samples; TDN.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The chl a data contains the following attributes: Name, Site, Trial 1-4, μg\L (5 mL aliquot), SE μg\L (5 mL aliquot), vol of H2O (L), μg\L in sample, SE μg\L in sample, Avg Chl a(μg/L), SE Avg Chl a.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The coliform, MSB isotope correlation data contains: Site, Date, Day, MSB, AM δ15N Top, AM δ15N Bot.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The water parameter data contains: Site, Date, Day #, H2O T◦ [≈ 1m] (°C), H2O T◦ [≈ 2m] (°C), sal [≈ 1m] (ppt), sal [≈ 2m] (ppt), DO [≈ 1m] (mg/L), DO [≈ 2m] (mg/L), Vol SI1 (L), Vol SI2 (L), Mean δ 15N, SE δ 15N, Chl a1 (μg/L), SE Chl a1, Chl a2 (μg/L), SE Chl a2, Chl a3 (μg/L), SE Chl a3, Avg Chl a(μg/L), SE Avg Chl a, NO3-+NO2- μM, SE NO3-+NO2- μM, NO2-μM, SE NO2-μM, NO3- μM, SE NO3- μM, NH4+ μM, SE NH4+ μM, TDN μM, SE TDN, PO43-, SE PO43-.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Oyster data contains: Avg Length T (mm), SE Avg Length T (mm), Avg Mark Length T (mm), SE Avg Mark Length T (mm), Avg mm Added T, SE Avg mm Added T, mm Added b/w dates T, SE mm Added b/w dates T, Mean Growth Rate T (mm/day) , SE Mean Growth Rate T, Avg Mass (g) T, SE Avg Mass (g) T, (g) Added T, SE (g) Added T, Length:Mass T, SE Length:Mass T, Avg Length B (mm), SE Avg Length B (mm), Mark Length B (mm), SE Mark Length B (mm), mm Added B, SE mm Added B, mm Added b/w dates B, SE mm Added b/w dates B, Mean Growth Rate B (mm/day), SE Mean Growth Rate B, Avg Mass (g) B, SE Avg Mass (g) B, (g) Added B, SE (g) Added B, Length:Mass B, SE Length:Mass B, Mean δ 15N TWT, Mean δ 15N BWT, Mean δ 15N TAM, Mean δ 15N BAM, Avg Length TJuv (mm), SE Avg Length TJuv (mm), Avg Mark Length TJuv (mm), SE Avg Mark Length TJuv (mm), Avg mm Added Tjuv, SE Avg mm Added Tjuv, Avg Length BJuv (mm), SE Avg Length BJuv (mm), Avg Mark Length BJuv (mm), SE Avg Mark Length BJuv (mm), Avg mm Added Bjuv, SE Avg mm Added Bjuv, Avg Length (mm), Mark Length (mm), mm Added, Notes.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

FDA data contains: Date, Sample location, Sample type, Latitude, Longitude, Distance (nautical miles), Fecal coliform, E. coli, MSB pfu/100g, Oyst-Fecal coliform (MPN/100g), Oyst-E. coli (MPN/100g), Oyst-MSB (pfu/100g), H2O-Fecal coliform (MPN/100ml), H2O-E. coli (MPN/100ml), H2O-MSB (pfu\100ml).

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Growth data contains: Adult Oyster ID, Mass (g), Length (mm), Length:Mass, Post-Freeze & Thaw Mass (g), Site #, Latitude, Longitude, Mark Length (mm), mm Added.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

The file named "Growth points vs. chl a by dat" contains: Date, Site, mm Added, chl a, Sal 1 m.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Isotope data contains: Label, Desc, Micro g N, Delta N, Mean δN, SE δN, Micro g C, Delta C, wt, Delta Air, Delta PDB.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Nutrient data contains: Identity1, Name, NO3+NO2 µM, Avg. NO3+NO2 µM, SE Avg. NO3+NO2 µM, NO2 µM, Avg.NO2 µM, SE Avg.NO2 µM, NH4 µM, Avg. NH4 µM, SE Avg. NH4 µM, PO4 µM, Avg. PO4 µM, SE Avg. PO4 µM, TDN μM, Averages, SE TDN.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

SI samples contain: Well #, Sample, Description, Wt 1 (mg), Wt 2 (mg).

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

TDN data contains: Sample, Name, TDN μM, Averages, SE TDN, Position, NO3+NO2/TDN µM.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person:

Dr. Ruth Carmichael

Contact_Organization:

DISL: Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab

Contact_Position:

Principal Investigator

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:

mailing and physical

Address:

101 Bienville Blvd.

City:

Dauphin Island

State_or_Province:

Al

Postal_Code:

36528

Country:

USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

251-861-2141 ext. 7555 or 7547

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:

rcarmichael@disl.org

Hours_of_Service:

8-5:00 CST

Contact_Instructions:

Please email Dr. Ruth Carmichael for further information.

Resource_Description:

Josh Daskin's Summer 2007 REU project

Distribution_Liability:

The Dauphin Island Sea Lab's Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. The DISL: Marine Organism and Ecosystem Response Lab cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

Technical_Prerequisites:

Data sets were created in Microsoft Excel. A program capable of reading these files is necessary to view these data.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date:

20091008

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Dauphin Island Sea Lab

Contact_Person:

Data Management Specialist

Contact_Position:

Data Management Specialist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type:

mailing and physical

Address:

101 Bienville Blvd.

City:

Dauphin Island

State_or_Province:

Al

Postal_Code:

36528

Country:

USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone:

251-861-2141

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:

metadata@disl.org

Hours_of_Service:

8-5:00 CST

Contact_Instructions:

Please email the metadata specialist for further information.

Metadata_Standard_Name:

FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version:

FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention:

local time

Metadata_Access_Constraints:

none

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

none

Metadata_Security_Information:

Metadata_Security_Classification_System:

none

Metadata_Security_Classification:

Unclassified

Metadata_Security_Handling_Description:

none